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| Tesla's Wardenclyffe Concept |
Many of us know about the Tesla Laboratory that was built by
Nikola Tesla around 1901 in Shoreham, Long Island, NY – it was called Wardenclyffe. One of Wardenclyffe’s objectives was to
transmit electrical power without wires. Tesla’s plan was to transmit power
generated by the Niagara Falls hydroelectric power
plant built by him in 1896. He wanted to
use the Aether [ionosphere] as the transmitting medium, where electricity could
be extracted from space anywhere in the world - Radiant Energy. Early
physicists hypothesized that aether saturated throughout all of space,
providing a medium through which electromagnetic waves and light could travel
in a vacuum.
More on Wardenclyffe in another blog.
The key topic here is Radiant Energy [RE], where electrical
power is transmitted by “radio waves”. In the early 1900s, an experimenter by the
name of Thomas Henry Moray of Salt Lake City claimed to have invented a device
that could capture radiant energy from the aether and convert to electricity. Prior to Einstein’s Theory of relativity,
scientist thought that the atmosphere contained aether, an invisible medium that
could a propagate electromagnetic waves.
Today, the existence of an aether is widely rejected by scientist.
Dr. Thomas Henry Moray studied electrical engineering and
received a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Uppsala. He held various positions, including an Engineer
for the Utah Power & Light Co., and later Phoenix Construction; Assistant
Chief Engineer for the Arastard Construction & Engineering Company; and, an
Engineer for the Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Co.
When Moray was young, he was inspired by Tesla and his assertions
of Radiant Energy.
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| Moray's Apparatus |
Moray conducted experiments in several public forums that
showed his device extracting electrical power from the aether to power several
light bulbs. One of the witnesses that Moray used to document one of his early RE
experiments summarized the receiving equipment and subsequent experiment as
follows:
The receiving equipment was comprised of two boxes. One was brown
box and the other a fiberboard box approximately 6” x 4” x 4”. Moray indicated that the second box contained
the receiving tube; known as the Moray valve, or the Moray Radiant Energy
Detector.
There was also a 14” x 4” x 1” breadboard on which was
installed an electrical power switch; a device that looked like a magnet; a
light socket with a 100 watt lamp; and, several terminal posts. The antenna was comprised of a horizontal
wire with insulators at each end held between two poles about 7’ to 8’ off the
ground. The length between poles was approximately 187’. A ten foot, ½ diameter metal pipe was driven
into the ground about 7’ to act as a ground for the system. All the connections were then completed and
the experiment began. Note that there
are no batteries.
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| Moray tuning his apparatus |
The initial step to energize the lamps was to tune in the
equipment. This was done using a magnet, stroking it across what was thought to
be the magnet on the breadboard. After about 10 minutes, Moray closed the
switch and the lamp illuminated approximately to 75% of capacity. While the light was on, Moray disconnected
the antenna and the lamp went out. Reconnecting it turned it on again.
This experiment was observed by three scientist/engineers
who wrote affidavits of their observations.
They also stated that the equipment and the experiment were driven out 3
to 4 miles into the countryside at a location selected by them. This was to ensure that no power lines, radio
transmitters, or other outside hidden equipment could power, by induction or
other means, the electric lamps. This
guaranteed that the self-contained equipment provided the energy to light the
bulb.
What was Moray's Radiant Energy Device? The apparatus can be described as being similar
to a crystal radio receiving set, composed of two coils of wire and several capacitors
with the infamous detector tube, or electronic valve, and a wire antenna.
The Moray valve itself consisted of a mixture of
triboluminescent zinc; the semiconductor material germanium; and, radioactive
material that was formed as a rounded pellet inside a tube. The valve device
captures radiant energy and converts it to electricity. By 1939 he was able to
produce up to 50,000 watts for long periods, all witnessed by various entities writing
affidavits of what they saw.
Moray stated that high frequency of radiant energy is
responsible for this; which frequency he never disclosed. He also mentions that
voltmeters and ammeters used to measure AC cannot measure radiant energy.
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| Simple Moray Circuit |
Moray indicated that the tubes had no filament thus making
them “cold” tubes. To demonstrate this, Moray inserted glass between the valve
and antenna and the lamps continued to glow.
In other related public experiments, Moray allowed observers
to inspect all of the equipment inside and out with the exception of a device that
he pulled out of the box and hid it in his hand – the Moray valve detector. Moray was always fearful that someone would
steal or duplicate his invention.
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| Moray's box circuit diagram |
He claimed no moving parts, and no dangerous radiations when
the equipment energized.
Although Moray usually described his valve as a tube, he first
described in a 1927 drawing as a solid-state device made with germanium. The RE detector, while its action is not
known, was developed from a small radioactive rock that he allegedly found in
an empty railcar at a nearby mine.
The valve appears to be somewhat of a specialized diode.
When the equipment was tuned to “resonance” energy flowed from the antenna and
to the Moray valve. The valve trapped
the energy, and fed the load, usually several light bulbs.
From about 1911 to 1943, Moray refined and perfected his
equipment. His first experiment was with
one 100-watt light bulb, ultimately progressing over time to 50k watts of
resistive load.
Over the course of approximately ten years, there were about
100 persons that witnessed several of his RE demonstrations. They included
physicist, engineers, scientist, professors, and politicians. Many provided
written documentation of what they saw.
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| Moray's Radiant Energy device in operation |
Dr. Moray was the inventor of an incredible device that
could extract electricity from the airwaves and power substantial electrical
loads. This Radiant Energy phenomenon always
positioned Moray in a self-protective position.
Neither Moray, nor the scientific community, could not explain the Moray
RE Valve action. Moray believed he was tapping radiant energy or waves from
space. He built a device before any
theory was around to explain its operation.
Because of this, scientists were skeptical and some were hostile to
him. Moray by nature was secretive, as
he did not trust anyone with his knowledge or the key element of his tube.
Moray was not without controversy; he thought that the
Russians were after his invention. He
also thought some wanted him to stop his research and electrical demonstrations. His laboratory was broken into several times and
ransacked, with some of his equipment and research notes stolen. He stated that his dogs were continually
being killed and his family threatened numerous times. At one time, an unknown assailant shot Moray in
the leg inside his laboratory. In 1943,
a disgruntled Moray employee destroyed all of Moray’s RE valves.
Those events aside, one exceptionally astonishing event about
Moray is that he documented evidence that he developed the first transistor device
in 1925. This was more than 20 years before Bell Labs discovered the
transistor.
In 1925, Moray discovered that by alloying Germanium with various
materials, he was able to make a radio receiver detector that was able to
receive radio signals without the use of tubes, batteries or electrical power.
The germanium alloy material was also used to amplify radio signals for radios
he used in his home.
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| Radiant Energy demonstration |
There is significant data, which includes signed drawings, documents
and other records including several observers who heard the Moray radio operate
using the germanium detector. Some feel that the evidence is strong that Moray
discovered and operated the first solid-state device [later known as a
transistor] before Bell Labs did.
His free energy detector tube contained the solid-sate
material germanium. In 1931, Moray filed for a patent on his device. The patent was rejected and never granted
because it would not work without a heated cathode. One researcher checking Patent Office files
for Moray documents did not find any, only empty folders.
It is interesting to note that records show that his solid-state
discovery was disclosed as early as 1925 to a Dr. Eyring, who later worked at
Bell Labs. Eyring’s cousin, the
scientist Dr. Harvey Fletcher, was also aware of Moray’s germanium alloy as he too
observed and inspected Moray’s equipment in 1928. Later in the late 1940s when Bell Labs
employed him and Eyring, he led the three-man team that produced Bell Lab’s
first transistor. Skeptics postulate
that their transistor was the result of Moray’s earlier research.
The quest for Free Energy in the form of Radiant Energy
continues. Science tells us that we can
change matter into radiant energy [heat, light]. The sun uses several tons of
helium per second to provide the proper radiant energy levels to make our solar
system work.
It’s been several decades and no one as yet has been able to
duplicate the Moray RE device and experiments. The Cosray Research Institute
has provided a list of twenty requirements that is required for one to duplicate
Moray’s experiment. The list below has
been reduced to identify only key elements:
1. When the primary side of od the device is disconnected, a spark equivalent to 225 kv must be drawn
2. By disconnect and reconnecting the antenna immediately, the light must stay on. If the light is allowed to die then reconnecting the antenna does not re light the lamp
3. Energy must be high frequency
4. Must be able to work more than 50 miles away from radio stations or power lines
5. The light of a 100 watt lamp must be whiter and brighter than an ordinary light bulb without burning out for 157 hours of operation
6. A small #30 conductor should be used for all circuits
7. At least 10 kw and up to 50 kw of power shall be generated from the device
8. Driving the ground rod deeper shall increase the power
9. None of the components shall generate heat
10. No moving parts with silent operation
11. The smell of ozone should be present during its operation
12. No heated cathode or power supply shall be used
Moray demonstrated in his experiments the above listed
requirements numerous times, leaving us with the question “is it possible to
extract electrical power from cosmic rays?”
Dr. Moray wrote a book in 1930 entitled “Beyond the Light
Rays”. Later, this book was revised by
his son as “The Sea of Energy in Which the Earth Floats”.
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